![]() Water purified by reverse osmosis is generally recommended in some cases, pure (Type 2) water or even ultrapure (Type 1) water may be required. In conclusion, it is recommended to use purified water for washing glassware and instruments, and final rinses especially should be done with purified water. The levels of organic compounds in the water used to prepare solutions used in ART procedures should therefore be as low as possible. which may be present in tap water, can greatly affect in vitro fertilization and artificial insemination. Some organics, such as pesticides, endocrine disrupters, etc. In conclusion, it is best to use water with a low level of ions (resistivity of 18.2 MOhm.cm). In addition, these supplements are not always recommended, and in many cases serum-free or protein-free medium is used. Media supplementation with fetal calf serum (FCS), bovine serum albumin (BSA), or chelating agents (EDTA) can provide a degree of protection from these toxic substances, but is often insufficient to provide a complete protection. In addition, heavy metals, such as copper, lead and cadmium, are known to be toxic for spermatozoa and embryo. Therefore, the ionic levels in the water used to prepare these solutions should be kept to a minimum. It is important to carefully control the osmolarity of the solutions when performing ART. Ions, heavy metals (copper, lead, cadmium…).The use of an ultrafiltration cartridge (BioPak) can reliably reduce endotoxin and bacteria levels in ultrapure water. In addition, bacterial endotoxins (also called lipopolysaccharides, LPS) are suspected to cause embryo fragmentation, suppress embryonic development and eventually lead to low pregnancy rates. It is therefore advisable to use freshly purified water when performing these procedures. Bacterial contamination may also occur during the storage of the purified water. Various technologies are available to minimize the levels of bacteria in water (such as reverse osmosis, 0.22 µm filters, ultra-violet light). Various contaminants in the water may have an effect on animal assisted reproductive technologies:īacterial contamination is a main concern in ART. Its quality can affect the fertility and viability of the extended semen. In artificial insemination (AI), water is used to prepare the semen extender (used as a diluent, to protect the sperm and preserve its fertilizing ability). These parameters are greatly affected by culture conditions. Indicators of IVF quality include the percentage and quality of blastocysts obtained (which can be expressed by inner cell mass (ICM)/total cells rate) and the ability of in vitro produced embryos to survive cryopreservation, an indicator of embryo quality. Water quality has been shown to affect the overall rate of success of IVF procedures. Water is also used to rinse containers and surfaces. In in vitro fertilization (IVF), water is the main component of the culture medium used for the culture of embryos. Impact of water on animal Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) ![]()
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